OUR+TRIP+TO+LONDON


 * WELCOME TO LONDON **



= London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom.It´s the biggest city in Britain and in the European Union, with a population of 7,825,200 inhabitants. = = It´s made up of two ancient cities which are now joined together: = = .**//The City of London//**, know simply as 'the City' which is the business and financial heart of the United Kingdom. It is also known as the Square Mile (2.59 sq km/1 sq mi). It was the original Roman settlement (ancient Londinium), making it the oldest part of London. = = .//The City of Westminster//, where Parliament and most of the government offices are located. Also Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the Queen and the Royal family are located there too.Together they all make up a region known as Greater London. = = London was the first city in the world to have an underground railway, known as the '[|Tube]'. = = [] =

**A BRIEF HISTORY OF LONDON ** = = = Roman London = = = The Romans founded London about 2,000 years ago. They called London "Londinium".

In AD60 Queen Boudica of a Celtic tribe, led a rebellion against the Romans. Boudicca burnt London but later it was rebuilt by the Romans who built a Forum (market), Basilica (a business centre), and a wall around the city to protect it from further invasion.

The area inside the defensive wall is now known as **“The Square Mile”, or “The City”**, and is the financial centre of the UK.

= =
 * = [|Romans] = || = [|Saxons] = || = [|Vikings] = || = [|Normans] = || = [|Tudors] = || = [|Victorians] = || = [|World War] I = ||
 * = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/romans.gif width="50" height="50" caption="Roamn Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/romans.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/saxons.jpg width="46" height="49" caption="Saxon Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/saxonsandvikings.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/viking.gif width="50" height="50" caption="Viking Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/saxonsandvikings.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/norm.jpg width="35" height="50" caption="Norman Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/medieval.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/tudors.gif width="50" height="50" caption="Tudor Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/tudors.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/vic.jpg width="39" height="50" caption="Victorian Britain" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/victorian.html"]] = || = [[image:http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/war.gif width="50" height="50" caption="World War Two" link="http://projectbritain.com/london/history/twentienth.html"]] = ||
 * = 43 = || = 450 = || = 793 = || = 1066 = || = 1485 = || = 1837 = || = 1914 = ||



= Evidence of Roman London today.Parts of the Roman wall can still be seen. = = = = = = =

= The Romans ruled in Britain until AD 410, when thy left Britain and London. =

= Anglo-Saxons = At the beginning of the 5th Century, Britain was invaded by **the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes** (who came from Holland, Germany and Denmark). These “Anglo-Saxons” were farmers and tended to live outside big towns. We know very little about what happened to London in this period. During the 9th and 10th centuries there were many attacks by the Vikings.

= Medieval London(1066-1485) = Soon afterwards, the Normans invaded from France and William I (**William the Conqueror**) took control. He built three military camps ,one of them known as the **Tower of London.**

The Tower has been used as a castle and a palace, a zoo and a weapons store, a mint (where coins are made) and a prison.

= Tudor London(1485-1603) =

London was the centre of trade and government under the Tudor monarchs. We know that there were about 200,000 people living in London by 1600. Most of London as we know it today was still fields. The river Thames was very important in Tudor times as Britain’s navy was expanded. Dockyards were built and ships were sent to explore the world - the Americas and India, for example.

= Shakespeare and The Globe =

The first theatres were built in London during this time. The most famous is The Globe. Shakespeare´s plays were performed there. The original theatre was burnt down in 1613 and immediately rebuilt, but closed by the Puritans in 1642. In the 1990s a new Globe Theatre was built.



= 17th Century =

In the 1640s civil war, Charles I and his army battled against Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell and based in London. The reign of Parliament did not last long, however, and Charles II was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1660.

= The Great Plague,1665 = In 1665, rats on board trading ships brought bubonic plague into the city of London.It spread very quickly. If you caught it, the chances of surviving were very slim. Over the year that the plague rampaged, 100,000 people died.

= The Great fire of London,1666 =

A small fire was the cause of an enormous fire which lasted four days and wiped out 80% of London. Amazingly, very few people lost their lives, but buildings were easily destroyed. After the fire all new buildings were made of stone and brick. If you visit the City of London now you can see a tall monument – called The Monument – to the Great Fire.

= 18th Century London = Britain was a very powerful nation in the 18th Century and London, was the centre of its power. Goods were brought into London from all over the world. During this century, London also became an important financial centre. Much of the business of the day was done in coffee houses in the Square Mile – especially in Exchange Alley, the site of London’s stock exchange.

= 19th Century London =



= Queen Victoria = Queen Victoria was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901. During her reign London expanded enormously as industry came to Britain and railways were built linking much of Britain to the capital. London was the centre of world trade and had a large, powerful Empire. Many of the buildings in London today were built in Victorian times. The most famous is probably the Houses of Parliament, built in 1834 after a fire destroyed the original buildings.



The world first Underground railway " the Tube " opened in 1862.





= 20th Century London =

London continued to grow both in population and spread during the 20th Century. Shopping had always been good in London, but big department stores were built in the early part of the Century (Harrods and Selfridges): these were the first of their kind!

= The Blitz =

There was a lot of damage to London during the Second World War, with some of the worst damage being done to the City, around (and including) St Paul’s Cathedral.

= The New century = Londoners marked the end of the century by building The Millennium Wheel, or "London Eye", a huge Ferris wheel overhanging the river Thames which gives great views of London. It is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city.

=VIDEOS= =[|http://www.history.com/videos/bydk-london-landmarks#bydk-london-landmarks]= = [] = []

= SOME PHOTOGRAPHS OF OUR TRIP ( 4th ESO 9th/ 14th May) =







= The world first Underground railway " the Tube " opened in 1862. =





































= The Millennium Wheel, or "London Eye", a huge Ferris wheel overhanging the river Thames which gives great views of London. =